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93 lines
5.5 KiB
Markdown
93 lines
5.5 KiB
Markdown
2 years ago
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# Micropython
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## What is Micropython?
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[Micropython](http://micropython.org/) is Python for microcontrollers.
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Using Micropython, you can write Python3 code and run it even on a bare metal architecture with limited resources.
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### Highlights of Micropython
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- **Compact** - Fits and runs within just 256k of code space and 16k of RAM. No OS is needed, although you can also run it with an OS, if you want.
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- **Compatible** - Strives to be as compatible as possible with normal Python (known as CPython).
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- **Versatile** - Supports many architectures (x86, x86-64, ARM, ARM Thumb, Xtensa).
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- **Interactive** - No need for the compile-flash-boot cycle. With the REPL (interactive prompt) you can type commands and execute them immediately, run scripts, etc.
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- **Popular** - Many platforms are supported. The user base is growing bigger. Notable forks: [MicroPython](https://github.com/micropython/micropython), [CircuitPython](https://github.com/adafruit/circuitpython), [MicroPython_ESP32_psRAM_LoBo](https://github.com/loboris/MicroPython_ESP32_psRAM_LoBo)
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- **Embedded Oriented** - Comes with modules specifically for embedded systems, such as the [machine module](https://docs.micropython.org/en/latest/library/machine.html#classes) for accessing low-level hardware (I/O pins, ADC, UART, SPI, I2C, RTC, Timers etc.)
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---
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## Why Micropython + LVGL?
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Currently, Micropython [does not have a good high-level GUI library](https://forum.micropython.org/viewtopic.php?f=18&t=5543) by default. LVGL is an [Object-Oriented Component Based](https://blog.lvgl.io/2018-12-13/extend-lvgl-objects) high-level GUI library, which seems to be a natural candidate to map into a higher level language, such as Python. LVGL is implemented in C and its APIs are in C.
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### Here are some advantages of using LVGL in Micropython:
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- Develop GUI in Python, a very popular high level language. Use paradigms such as Object-Oriented Programming.
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- Usually, GUI development requires multiple iterations to get things right. With C, each iteration consists of **`Change code` > `Build` > `Flash` > `Run`**.
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In Micropython it's just **`Change code` > `Run`** ! You can even run commands interactively using the [REPL](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Read%E2%80%93eval%E2%80%93print_loop) (the interactive prompt)
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### Micropython + LVGL could be used for:
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- Fast prototyping GUI.
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- Shortening the cycle of changing and fine-tuning the GUI.
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- Modelling the GUI in a more abstract way by defining reusable composite objects, taking advantage of Python's language features such as Inheritance, Closures, List Comprehension, Generators, Exception Handling, Arbitrary Precision Integers and others.
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- Make LVGL accessible to a larger audience. No need to know C to create a nice GUI on an embedded system.
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This goes well with [CircuitPython vision](https://learn.adafruit.com/welcome-to-circuitpython/what-is-circuitpython). CircuitPython was designed with education in mind, to make it easier for new or inexperienced users to get started with embedded development.
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- Creating tools to work with LVGL at a higher level (e.g. drag-and-drop designer).
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---
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## So what does it look like?
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> TL;DR:
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> It's very much like the C API, but Object-Oriented for LVGL components.
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Let's dive right into an example!
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### A simple example
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```python
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import lvgl as lv
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lv.init()
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scr = lv.obj()
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btn = lv.btn(scr)
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btn.align(lv.scr_act(), lv.ALIGN.CENTER, 0, 0)
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label = lv.label(btn)
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label.set_text("Button")
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lv.scr_load(scr)
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```
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## How can I use it?
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### Online Simulator
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If you want to experiment with LVGL + Micropython without downloading anything - you can use our online simulator!
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It's a fully functional LVGL + Micropython that runs entirely in the browser and allows you to edit a python script and run it.
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[Click here to experiment on the online simulator](https://sim.lvgl.io/)
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[Hello World](https://sim.lvgl.io/v7/micropython/ports/javascript/bundle_out/index.html?script=https://gist.githubusercontent.com/amirgon/51299ce9b6448328a855826149482ae6/raw/0f235c6d40462fd2f0e55364b874f14fe3fd613c/lvgl_hello_world.py&script_startup=https://gist.githubusercontent.com/amirgon/7bf15a66ba6d959bbf90d10f3da571be/raw/8684b5fa55318c184b1310663b187aaab5c65be6/init_lv_mp_js.py)
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Note: the online simulator is available for lvgl v6 and v7.
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### PC Simulator
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Micropython is ported to many platforms. One notable port is "unix", which allows you to build and run Micropython (+LVGL) on a Linux machine. (On a Windows machine you might need Virtual Box or WSL or MinGW or Cygwin etc.)
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[Click here to know more information about building and running the unix port](https://github.com/lvgl/lv_micropython)
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### Embedded platform
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In the end, the goal is to run it all on an embedded platform.
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Both Micropython and LVGL can be used on many embedded architectures, such as stm32, ESP32 etc.
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You would also need display and input drivers. We have some sample drivers (ESP32+ILI9341, as well as some other examples), but chances are you would want to create your own input/display drivers for your specific hardware.
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Drivers can be implemented either in C as a Micropython module, or in pure Micropython!
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## Where can I find more information?
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- In this [Blog Post](https://blog.lvgl.io/2019-02-20/micropython-bindings)
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- `lv_micropython` [README](https://github.com/lvgl/lv_micropython)
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- `lv_binding_micropython` [README](https://github.com/lvgl/lv_binding_micropython)
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- The [LVGL micropython forum](https://forum.lvgl.io/c/micropython) (Feel free to ask anything!)
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- At Micropython: [docs](http://docs.micropython.org/en/latest/) and [forum](https://forum.micropython.org/)
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